University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Educational Psychology

315-725 Theories and Issues in Human Development  (Fall, 2006)

 

Instructor:       Chuck Kalish Room 1067 EdSciences  Office Phone: 262-0840

                       Email: CWKalish@wisc.edu                 

The objective of this class is to give students a working familiarity with the major theoretical approaches current within developmental psychology.  This is not intended as an introduction or a comprehensive survey.  Some background (e.g., an introductory class at the undergraduate level) would be helpful, though not required.  We will primarily consider theories relating to infancy and childhood.  Our focus will be normal as opposed to clinical aspects of development, and normative development as opposed to the changes experienced by special populations or subgroups of children.  

The course will consist of a mixture of lectures and discussion.  The first part (roughly 2/3) of each class period will be devoted to a review of a particular developmental theory or general approach to development.  The second part of class will be an analysis of an empirical or practical application of the theory.

Texts

Theories of developmental psychology,  4th Edition, Miller. Available at the University Bookstore

Other readings are available on our Learn@UW site

Requirements

Participation

Participation takes two forms. Most important is participation in class discussions.  The goal of this class is to provide you the means to apply and evaluate theories, especially with respect to your own research interests.  The best way I have to see how you are doing with this is in discussions.  The second form of participation is the web-board on the Learn@UW site.  Each student not contributing a discussion paper for the week (see below) will be expected to post 1 question or comment on the web-board by Thursday at 6:00 pm.  The question/comment can be a reaction to a specific paper or a general comment about the theoretical perspective of the upcoming class. Responses to previous postings are encouraged.

Exam

Take-home final to be handed out last day of class and due one week later.

Discussion Papers

Each student will contribute and present 2 papers during the course of the semester. WeÕll assign specific topics during the first meeting of class.

One paper will be an Outline paper which will present and critically analyze the argument of a principal reading for a week.  The purpose of this paper is not to summarize the reading.  Rather you should complement the paper by critiquing it, extending it, or discussing connections between the paper and other theories or issues we have discussed in class.  For example, you might want to consider whether the theoretical perspective contained in the paper is consistent with other theories we have/will discuss or if it contradicts or excludes other perspectives.

An Implication paper will present and critically analyze the implication or application (issue) associated with a theoretical perspective. The issue for each week is identified in the syllabus. In this paper, you will explain how this issue fits with the theory in two ways.  First, in what way does it represent an application of the theory?  Second, why is this an important issue within the context of the theory? (does our evaluation of the theory depend on how it addresses this issue? Does the theory address the issue more or less effectively than other theories?).

Discussion papers should be 4-5 pages (double spaced).  These papers will be part of the reading for class.  These papers will be made available on the Learn@UW website  Papers will be posted on the Learn@UW board no later than 6 pm the Wednesday before class. IÕll ask each author to discuss his or her paper, briefly, in class.

Analysis Papers

In this paper you should critique a piece of research from within one of the theoretical perspectives we have discussed.  Find a paper applying the theory to a research question.  This should be a piece of empirical work. Explain how this research fits with the theory in two ways.  First, in what way does it represent an application of the theory?  Second, why is this an important question within the context of the theory? (e.g., why it is important to Piaget to show that children never forget once they conserve?). Do not use an article that was presented in class.  In particular I would like you to present any failings of this account.  You may wish to approach this paper by arguing for the advantages of an alternative approach.  You may critique the article on theoretical or on practical grounds.  (e.g., what are the difficulties with a paper applying an ecological [Bronfenbrenner] model to study child abuse?).  This paper should be 5-7 pages (double-spaced).  Papers will be due during the final class period of the semester. Please turn in a copy of the empirical paper you are critiquing as well.

 

Grading

Contribution of requirements: Participation: 30%, Discussion Papers: 30 %, Analysis Paper: 20%, Take-home final: 20%

1.   Introduction      9/8

2.   What is a theory?      9/15

Miller: Chapter 1

Kuhn (1962). ÒThe priority of paradigmsÓ from The Structure of scientific revolutions

Egan, K (2005).Students' Development in Theory and Practice: The Doubtful Role of Research.   Harvard Educational Review, 75.  25-41.

 

Biological

3.   Evolution/Nativism    9/22

Pinker S. ÒStandard EquipmentÓ Chap 1 in How the mind works.

Maestripieri, D., & Roney, J. R (2005). Evolutionary developmental psychology: Contributions from comparative research with nonhuman primates. Developmental Review, 26, 120-137

Geary, D. (2005).  Folk Knowledge and Academic Learning  in Origins of the social mind: Evolutionary psychology and child development. B. Ellis & D. Bjorklund, (Eds); pp. 493-519. NY: Guilford

Sociobiology: Does evolved = good?

*Jerry Fodor. The trouble with psychological darwinism (London review of books) http://www.lrb.co.uk/v20/n02/fodo01_.html

*Miller Chapter 5, pp. 427-429

4.   Behavioral Genetics  9/29

Moffitt, T. E., (2005). The new look of behavioral genetics in developmental psychopathology: Gene-environment interplay in antisocial behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 533-554.

Scarr, S (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63, 1-19.

Implications of Genetic determinism

*DNA & Behavior http://www.dnafiles.org/about/pgm2/topic.html

Dodge, K. (2004). The Nature-Nurture debate and public policy. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50, 418-427.

5.   Brain Development    10/6

 Blakemore, S-J., & Choudhury, S. (2006). Development of the adolescent brain: Implications for executive function and social cognition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 296-312.

Johnson, M. H. & De Haan, M. Typical and atypical human functional brain development. In Developmental Psychopathology, V 2: Developmental Neuroscience. D. Cicchetti and D J. Cohen (Eds.) pp 197-215 NY: Wiley

 Miller pp 429-432

Neuroscience and education

*Neuroscience and education http://www.brainconnection.com/topics/?main=fa/education-neuroscience

Bruer, J T. (2002). Avoiding the pediatricianÕs error: how neuroscientists can help educators (and themselves). Nature-Neuroscience, 5, 1031-1033

 Katzir, T., & ParŽ-Blagoev, J. (2006). Applying cognitive neuroscience research to education: The case of literacy.   Educational Psychologist, Vol 41(1), pp. 53-74.

6.   Systems Theories               10/13

 Miller pp. 436-440, 432-435

Lewis, M. D. (2000).The promise of dynamic systems approaches for an integrated account of human development. Child Development,  71(1),  pp. 36-43

 Lerner, R. M. (2006). Developmental science, Developmental systems, and contemporary theories of human development. In R. Lerner (Ed)  Handbook of Child Psychology V1 Theoretical models of human development W. Damon & R. Lerner (General Eds.) NY: Wiley.

Bronfenbrenner, U. & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development in In R. Lerner (Ed)  Handbook of Child Psychology V1 Theoretical models of human development W. Damon & R. Lerner (General Eds.) NY: Wiley. 793-828

Interventions/Applications

Lochman, J. E. Contextual Factors in Risk and Prevention Research. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly ,50 ,. 311-25

Socialization

7.   Social Learning Theory     10/20

 Miller, Chapter 3

Bussey, K. & Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological Review, Vol 106(4),. pp. 676-713.

Martin, C. L.,  Ruble, D. N., & Szkrybalo, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development.  Psychological Bulletin, 128, 903-933.

Bandura, A., & Bussey, K. (2004). On Broadening the Cognitive, Motivational, and Sociostructural Scope of Theorizing About Gender Development and Functioning: Comment on Martin, Ruble, and Szkrybalo (2002).    Psychological Bulletin,  130, 691-701.

Media Effects

Gentile, D. A., & Sesma, A (2003). Developmental approaches to understanding media effects on individuals. In D. Gentile (Ed.) Media violence and children. pp.19-38. Westport, CT: Praeger.

8.   No Class   10/27

9.   Vygotsky and Socio-cultural theory   11/3

Miller, Chapter 7

Vygotsky L. S. 2 chapter 4 ÒInternalization of Higher Mental FunctionsÓ and Chapter 6:ÓInteraction between Learning and DevelopmentÓ from Mind in Society.

Rogoff, B., & Angelillo, C. (2002). Investigating the coordinated functioning of multifaceted cultural practices in human development. Human Development, 45, 211-225.

School and Human Development

Cole, M. (2005). Cross-Cultural and Historical Perspectives on the Developmental Consequences of Education.   Human Development, Vol 48(4), pp. 195-216

10.                 Information Processing     11/10

Miller Chapter 4

Thomas, M., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2003). Connectionist models of development, developmental disorders, and individual differences.  In:  R. Sternberg, J. Lautrey, & T. Lubart, (Eds.) Models of intelligence: International perspectives. pp. 133-150. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Shrager, Jeff; Siegler, Robert S. (1998). SCADS: A model of children's strategy choices and strategy discoveries.  Psychological Science, Vol 9(5), pp. 405-410

Social skills

Dodge, K. A., et al., (2003). Peer rejection and social information-processing factors in the development of aggressive behavior problems in children. Child Development, 74,374-393.

Construction

11.                 Piaget       11/17

 Miller chapter 1

Piaget, J. (1964). Development and learning. In R. E. Ripple & V. N. Rockcastle (Eds.) Piaget rediscovered, A report on the conference on cognitive studies and curriculum development.

Cahan, E D (1984). The genetic psychologies of James Mark Baldwin and Jean Piaget. Developmental Psychology,  20, 128-135.

Case, R. (2003). Theories of learning and theories of development. Educational Psychologist, 28, 219-233.

Can we speed-up cognitive development?

Brainerd, C. J (2003)Jean Piaget, learning research, and American education.   In  Zimmerman, Barry J.; Schunk, Dale H.: Educational psychology: A century of contributions. pp. 251-287; Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers,

12.                 Neo-constructivism   12/1

 Carey, S. (1984). Cognitive development: The descriptive problem. In M Gazzaniga (Ed.) Handbook of cognitive neuroscience, pp. 37-66. NY: Plenum press.

Gopnik A. & Wellman H. M. (1993). The Theory Theory. In S. Gelman & L. Hirschfeld (Eds.). Mapping the mind. NY: Oxford.

Cultural and developmental differences

 Morris, M W. Ames, D. R. & Knowles, E D (2001). What we theorize when we theorize that we theorize: Examining the 'implicit theory' construct from a cross-disciplinary perspective.. In G. Moskowitz, (Ed.)  Cognitive social psychology: The Princeton Symposium on the Legacy and Future of Social Cognition. pp. 143-161 Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Sperber, D., & Hirschfeld, L. A. (2004). The cognitive foundations of cultural stability and diversity. Trends in cognitive sciences, 8, 40-45.

13.                 Psychodynamic theories   12/8

Miller chapter 2

Freud, S. (1920). Beyond the pleasure principle. Reprinted in J. Rickman (1957). A general selection from the works of Sigmund Freud. NY: Doubleday Anchor.

 Schwartz (2005). A New Identity for Identity Research: Recommendations for Expanding and Refocusing the Identity Literature. Journal of adolescent research, 20, 293

Westen, D. (1998). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a psychodynamically informed psychological science.   Psychological Bulletin, 124, 333-371.

Lifespan development

Bertrand, R M., Lachman, M E., (2003). Personality development in adulthood and old age Handbook of psychology: Developmental psychology, Vol. 6. Lerner, Richard M. (Ed); Easterbrooks, M. Ann (Ed); Mistry, Jayanthi (Ed); pp. 463-485.

14.                 Attachment Theory   12/15

Miller pages  298-307

Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341.

Bretherton I. (2005). In pursuit of the internal working model construct and its relevance to attachment relationships. In K. Grossman, K. Grossman, & E. Waters (Eds.) Attachment from infancy to adulthood: The major longitudinal studies. pp. 13-47. NY: Guilford Press.

Early Experience

Schaffer, H. R., (2004). The early experience assumption: Past, present, and future. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 5-14.

 

 

* Optional readings

  Not really optional, but if you have to skip/skim something, this is it.