Ed Psych 920:The Development of Social Cognition

Instructor: Chuck Kalish Office: 1057 Edsciences Ph: 262-0840

Webpage: http://labweb.soemadison.wisc.edu/edpsy920-kalish/

Class email list: soc-cog@lists.students.wisc.edu

This course will explore children's developing understanding of the social world. There are many aspects to thinking about social content, we'll focus on three main topics: explaining people's behavior, understanding rules and social institutions, and conceptions of human groups and types. These topics will be discussed within the overall framework of children's developing theories of mind. We will consider the origins of social cognition in infancy and explore how this cognition changes into adulthood. Within this developmental approach, we will focus on the preschool years as the time when most of the crucial elements of social cognition appear.

Requirements and Assignments

Seminar Papers: Each student will be responsible for writing a seminar paper once during the semester. There will be 1-2 papers for each class period and students will sign-up for particular topics. The seminar paper is a short (about 2 pages single-spaced) discussion of some issue we will be discussing in class. The paper should present the author's reactions to (some of) the readings for the week. This paper will form part of the basis for our in-class discussion of the question and will be distributed to all the participants. Since the seminar paper is part of the required reading for the class period it must be available no later than 5:00 pm of the Wednesday before class. The paper will be distributed using the class email-list. Authors will make brief presentations of their papers to the class.

Weekly Questions: Participants who are not presenting a project or seminar paper will contribute two questions or comments each week. These may consist of reactions to readings, suggestions for discussion, or even requests for clarification. The purpose is to ensure that everyone does the reading and to provide me with some feedback.

3-Credit Presentation: Students taking the class for three credits will have the additional responsibility of an in-class presentation. Students should work in groups of 2-3. This assignment involves picking a topic related to the content of this class, choosing readings, and distributing a seminar paper outlining the issues involved.. These presentations will be scheduled for the final classes of the semester. Plan on about 10-15 minutes of presentation and 20-30 minutes of discussion.

Final paper: (due the last day of class). This paper should take the form of a brief discussion relating some aspect of the class (broadly defined) to your own research interests/program of study (also broadly defined). In this paper I am looking for evidence that you have gotten something useful out of the class. How might you approach your research differently in light of this class. Have the readings generated any new questions or answered any old ones for you? You might choose to write this paper in the form of a proposal for a research project. For 2-credit students this paper may be fairly brief (5-7 pages double-spaced). For 3-credit students I would like a more substantial paper (10-15 pages double-spaced). Ideally this final paper would include material from your presentation.

Last, but most importantly: All students are expected to be active participants in in-class discussions. Class participation is the primary requirement for the class. See me if you have any questions or concerns about your grade or your ability to participate in class discussions.

Instructions for seminar papers and questions

Seminar papers should be sent to me via email (cwkalish@facstaff.wisc.edu). Ideally you would send the paper as an attached file in html format (most word processing programs can save documents this way). MS Word or plain text formats are acceptable. Questions may also be sent via email.

Text and Readings

The required text for this class is:

· Wellman, H. M. (1990). The Child's Theory of Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press

The book should be available at the Underground Textbook Exchange. All other readings are on reserve at the IMC. IMC reserves are accessible both as hardcopy at the IMC and over the web (http://cimc.education.wisc.edu/e_reserves/edpsych/920spr01/). These documents are in Adobe Acrobat format and take a fair amount of time to download and a lot of processing power to read and print. Experiment.

1/26/01 What is social cognition?

2/2/01 History & Big Picture Approaches

Wellman, Chapter 1

Bennett, M. (1993). Introduction in Bennet .Development of Social Cognition.

Bruner, J (1996). Frames for thinking: Ways of making meaning. In Olson & Torrance (Eds.) Modes of thought: Explorations in culture and cognition. (pp. 93-105) New York: Cambridge U. Press

2/9/01 Explaining human behavior

What is our commonsense understanding of the mind like?

Is it a theory?

Wellman, Chapters 4&5

Goldman, A. (in press) Desire, Intention, and the Simulation Theory. Moses, Baldwin, & Malle (Eds.) Intentionality.

2/16/01 Social cognition in infancy

What do infants know about the behavior of animate (social?) and inanimate (physical?) objects

Meltzoff, A. N. (1995). Understanding the Intentions of Others: Re-Enactment of Intended Acts by 18-Month-Old Children. Developmental Psychology, 31, 838-850

Premack, D & Premack, A J. (1995). Origins of Human Social Competence. in The cognitive neurosciences. M. S. Gazzaniga ( Ed.), pp. 205-218. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Tomasello, Chap 3 Joint Attention & Cultural Learning. From The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition.

2/23/01 Preschoolers' theories of mind

Why are false-beliefs so interesting, and what's a "copy theory of mind?"

Wellman, Chapters 3,9, 10

Perner, J. (2000). About + belief + counterfactual. In Mitchell & Riggs (Eds.) Children's reasoning and the mind. Hove: Psychology Press.

3/2/01 Beyond 6, Activity of the mind

What do preschoolers still have to learn about the mind?

Wellman, Chapter 11

Chandler, M. J., & LaLonde, C. (1996). Shifting to an interpretive theory of mind: 5- to 7-year olds' changing conceptions of mental life. In A. J. Sameroff & M. M. Haith (Eds.), The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility (pp 111-139). Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Flavell & Green.(1999). Development of intuitions about the controllability of different mental states. Cognitive Development, 14,

3/9/01 Personality

What's a trait? How does this concept fit into TOM?

Gelman, S & Heyman, G. (1999). Carrot-eaters and creature-believers: The effects of lexicalization on children's inferences about social categories. Psychological Science, 10, 489-493.

Kalish Children's inductive inferences about natural and intentional causal relations.

Yuill, N. English children as personality theorists: accounts of the modifiability, development, and origin of traits. British Journal of Developmental Psychology.

Yuill, N. Children's understanding of traits. In Bennett The development of social cognition.

3/16/01 Spring Break

3/23/01 Inferences about people

How might beliefs about social categories relate to stereotyping?

Levy,S. R.; Dweck,C S. (1999). The impact of children's static versus dynamic conceptions of people on stereotype formation. Child Development. 70, 1163-1180.

Halsam, Rothschild, & Ernst (2000) Essentialist beliefs about social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39 113-127.

Taylor, M. G. (1996). The development of children's beliefs about social and biological aspects of gender differences. Child Development, 67, 1555-1571.

3/30/01 Types of people- Social categories

Is TOM all there is to understanding people?

Delval J. (1994). Stages in the child's construction of social knowledge. in Carretero & Voss (Eds.) Cognitive and instructional processes in history and the social sciences. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

Hirschfeld (in press). On a folk theory of society: Children, evolution, and mental representations of social groups

Watson, M. W. (1984). Development of social role understanding. Developmental Review, 4, 192-213.

4/6/01 Groups as social agents

Menon, Morris, Chiu, & Hong (1999). Culture and the construal of agency: Attribution to individual versus group dispositions. JPSP, 76, 701-717.

Emler, N., & Dickinson, J. (1993). The child as sociologist: the childhood development of implicit theories of role categories and social organization. in Bennet

Torney-Purta, J. (1992). Cognitive representations of the political system in adolescents: The continuum from pre-novice to expert. In H. Haste & J. Torney-Purta (Eds.) The development of political understanding: A new perspective, New Directions for Child Development, 56, SF: Jossey-Bass. .

4/13/01 Morals

What cognition underpins rules and morals?

What makes a rule the right thing?

Nucci, L., Camino, C., & Sapiro, C. M. (1996) Social class effects on northeaster Brazilian children's conceptions of areas of personal choice and social regulation. Child Development, 67, 1223-1242.

Turiel, E. (1983). Rules and prohibitions from The development of social knowledge.

Flack,J. C.; de Waal, F B. "Any animal whatever': Darwinian building blocks of morality in monkeys and apes Journal-of-Consciousness-Studies. 2000 Jan-Feb; Vol 7(1-2): 1-29 (+commentaries)

.

4/20/01 Deontic Reasoning

How do children reason about permission and obligation?

Astington (1988). Promises, words or deeds? First Language.

Harris, P. & Núñez, M. (1997).Children's understanding of permission & obligation. In L. Smith, J. Dockrell & P. Tomlinson (Eds.) Piaget, Vygotsky and beyond. (211-223) London: Routledge

Kalish C. W. (1998) Reasons & Causes: Children's understanding of conformity to social rules and physical laws. Child Development

4/27/01 Presentations

5/4/01 Presentations

5/11/01 Summary